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| NYX > SEC Filings for NYX > Form 10-K on 27-Feb-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
27-Feb-2009
Annual Report
You should read the following discussion together with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ from such forward-looking statements. See Item 1A.-"Risk Factors" and "Forward-Looking Statements." Certain prior period amounts presented in the discussion and analysis have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
Overview
NYSE Euronext was formed from the combination of the businesses of NYSE Group and Euronext, which was consummated on April 4, 2007. Prior to that date, NYSE Euronext had no significant assets and did not conduct any material activities other than those incidental to its formation. Following consummation of the combination, NYSE Euronext became the parent company of NYSE Group and Euronext and each of their respective subsidiaries. Under the purchase method of accounting, NYSE Group was treated as the accounting and legal acquiror in the combination with Euronext. On October 1, 2008, NYSE Euronext completed its acquisition of The Amex Membership Corporation, including its subsidiary the American Stock Exchange, which is now known as NYSE Amex.
NYSE Euronext evaluates segment performance primarily based on operating income. Following the combination of the businesses of NYSE Group and Euronext, NYSE Euronext operates under two reportable segments: U.S. Operations and European Operations.
U.S. Operations consist of the following in NYSE Euronext's U.S. markets:
• obtaining new listings and servicing existing listings,
• providing access to trade execution in cash equities and options,
• selling market data and related information and distributing market information to data subscribers,
• issuing trading permits,
• providing data processing operations,
• providing regulatory services, and
• providing trading technology, software and connectivity to end-users.
European Operations consist of the following in NYSE Euronext's European markets:
• providing access to trade execution in all cash products as well as a wide range of derivatives products,
• providing listing services,
• selling market data and related information,
• providing transaction settlement and for the safe-custody of physical securities, and
• providing electronic trading solutions as well as software and connectivity to end-users.
In January 2009, we created NYSE Technologies ("NYXT") to combine the businesses formerly known as NYSE Euronext Advanced Trading Solutions (including NYSE TransactTools, Wombat, and AEMS) and our global market data businesses. We are currently assessing the potential impact of this organizational change on our segment reporting structure going forward.
Factors Affecting Our Results
The business environment in which NYSE Euronext operates directly affects its results of operations. Our results have been and will continue to be affected by many factors, including the level of trading activity in our markets, which during any period is significantly influenced by general market conditions, competition and market share, broad trends in the brokerage and finance industry, price levels and price volatility, the number and financial health of companies listed on NYSE Euronext's cash markets, changing technology in the financial services industry, and legislative and regulatory changes, among other factors. In particular, in recent years, the business environment has been characterized by increasing competition among global markets for trading volumes and listings, the globalization of exchanges, customers and competitors, market participants' demand for speed, capacity and reliability, which requires continuing investment in technology, and increasing competition for market data revenues. For example, while total trading volumes have been increasing, the growth of our trading and market data revenues could be adversely impacted if we are unsuccessful in attracting additional volumes. The maintenance and growth of our revenues could also be impacted if we face increased pressure on pricing.
During 2008, there was turmoil in the economy and upheaval in the credit markets. Equity market indices declined throughout the year, with particularly sharp declines and higher volatility in September and October. Lower levels of economic activity and uncertainty regarding the capital markets can result in a decline in trading volume and deterioration of the economic welfare of our listed companies, which can adversely affect our revenues and future growth. Declines in volumes can also impact our market share and pricing structures. As a result of these economic and market changes, certain of our assets have been impaired. See "-Impairment of Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Other Assets."
These disruptions and developments have resulted in a range of actions by the U.S. and foreign governments to attempt to bring liquidity and order to the financial markets and to prevent a prolonged recession in the world economy. Securities and banking regulators have also been active in establishing temporary rules and regulations to respond to this crisis. Some of these actions have resulted in temporary or, in some cases, permanent, restrictions on certain types of securities transactions, most notably short sales of equity securities of certain financial institutions. We cannot predict whether these government efforts will be successful.
Dislocation in the credit markets has led to increased liquidity risk. While we have not experienced reductions in our borrowing capacity, lenders in general have taken actions that indicate their concerns regarding liquidity in the marketplace. These actions have included reduced advance rates for certain security types, more stringent requirements for collateral eligibility and higher interest rates. Should lenders continue to take additional similar actions, the cost of conducting our business may increase and our ability to implement our business initiatives could be limited.
We expect that all of these factors may have an impact on our businesses. Any potential growth in the global cash markets in the upcoming months will likely be tempered by investor uncertainty resulting from volatility in the cost of energy and commodities, unemployment and recession concerns, as well as the general state of the world economy.
Recent Acquisitions
AEMS
On August 5, 2008, NYSE Euronext completed the acquisition of the 50% stake in
AEMS previously owned by Atos Origin. Through the transaction, NYSE Euronext
acquired (i) the NSC cash trading and LIFFE CONNECT derivatives trading platform
technology, and all of the management and development services surrounding these
platforms, (ii) AEMS's third-party exchange technology business, and
(iii) TRS/CPS, clearing software. The purchase price in the transaction was
approximately €162 million ($255 million), net of approximately €120 million
($189 million) of cash acquired, and is subject to certain post-closing
adjustments. The results of operations and financial condition of AEMS have been
included in our consolidated financial statements subsequent to the August 5,
2008 acquisition. Going forward, we have branded our technology business,
including AEMS, as NYSE Technologies or NYXT. See Item 1-"Business-Technology."
NYSE Amex
On October 1, 2008, NYSE Euronext completed its acquisition of The Amex Membership Corporation. NYSE Euronext acquired the business of The Amex Membership Corporation, including its subsidiary the American Stock Exchange (now known as NYSE Amex). In the transaction, each holder of a regular membership of The Amex Membership Corporation became entitled to receive approximately 8,100 shares of NYSE Euronext common stock and each holder of an options principal membership became entitled to receive approximately 7,200 shares of NYSE Euronext common stock. A total of approximately 6.8 million shares of NYSE Euronext common stock were issued with a value of approximately $260 million. In addition, each former holder of a regular or options principal membership will be entitled to receive additional consideration calculated by reference to the net proceeds, if any, from the sale of the NYSE Amex headquarters in lower Manhattan, if such sale occurs within a specified period of time and certain conditions are satisfied.
Other Transactions
In 2008, we completed the statutory buy-out of the remaining Euronext shareholders who held approximately 2.3% of the shares of Euronext N.V. and also completed the acquisition of Wombat, a privately held global leader in high-performance financial market data management solutions. In addition, NYSE Liffe US, the new U.S. futures exchange of NYSE Euronext, received DCM status in August 2008 and began trading full and e-mini gold and silver futures and options on futures contracts in September 2008.
Impairment of Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Other Assets
Testing Methodology and Valuation Considerations
Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable assets of a business acquired. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("SFAS No. 142"), we test goodwill of our reporting units (which is generally one level below our two reportable segments) and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives for impairment at least annually and more frequently if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that there may be justification for conducting an interim test. We perform our annual impairment test of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the fourth quarter.
The impairment test of goodwill is performed in two steps. The first step compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not impaired; however, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step must be performed. The second step compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. An impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value.
In determining the fair value of its reporting units in step one of the goodwill impairment test, we compute the present value of discounted cash flows and terminal value projected for the reporting unit. The rate used to discount cash flows represents the weighted average cost of capital that we believe is reflective of the relevant risk associated with the projected cash flows.
To validate the reasonableness of the reporting unit fair values, we reconcile the aggregate fair values of the reporting units determined in step one of the goodwill impairment test to the market capitalization of NYSE Euronext to derive the implied control premium. In performing this reconciliation, we may, depending on the volatility of our stock price, use either the stock price on the valuation date or the average stock price over a range of dates around the valuation date, generally 30 days. We compare the implied control premium to premiums paid in observable recent transactions of comparable companies to determine if the fair value of the reporting units estimated in step one of the goodwill impairment test is reasonable.
In accordance with SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets" ("SFAS No. 144"), impairment exists when the carrying amount of an amortizable intangible asset exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of an amortizable intangible asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from it. An intangible asset subject to amortization shall be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as a significant or adverse change in the business climate that could affect the value of the intangible asset, indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded to the extent the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value.
The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets is subjective and requires significant judgment on matters such as, but not limited to, the reporting unit at which goodwill should be measured for impairment, future operating performance and cash flows, cost of capital, terminal values, control premiums, remaining economic lives of assets, and the allocation of shared assets and liabilities to determine the carrying values for each of our reporting units. We use our internal forecasts to estimate future cash flows and actual future results may differ from those estimates.
In addition, in order to determine whether a decline in the value of certain securities and other investments is other-than-temporary, and among other factors, we evaluate the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than cost. In particular, we consider the impact of duration and severity on the period of time expected for recovery to occur. If we determine that the decline in value is other-than-temporary, we write down the carrying value of the related asset to its estimated fair value.
Results of Impairment Tests
Based upon tests performed during the fourth quarter of 2008, NYSE Euronext
recorded the following impairment charges (in millions):
Goodwill $ 1,003 (1)
Other intangible assets, net 522 (2)
Other 65 (3)
Total impairment charges $ 1,590
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(1) For the goodwill allocated to our European Cash reporting unit.
(2) For the national securities exchange registration of our European Cash reporting unit.
(3) Includes impairment losses recorded in connection with our investment in BM&F Bovespa ($57 million) and other investments ($8 million).
The impairment charges reflect current economic conditions, adverse equity market conditions which have caused a material decline in industry market multiples, and lower estimated future cash flows of our European Cash reporting unit as a result of increased competition which has caused a decline in our market share of cash trading in Europe as well as pricing pressures following the November 2007 introduction of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive ("MiFID").
Sources of Revenues
Activity Assessment
Our U.S. securities exchanges pay fees to the SEC pursuant to Section 31 of the Exchange Act. These Section 31 fees are designed to recover the costs to the government of supervision and regulation of securities markets and securities professionals. NYSE Group, in turn, collects activity assessment fees from member organizations executing trades on our U.S. securities exchanges, and recognizes these amounts when invoiced.
Fees received are included in cash at the time of receipt and, as required by
law, the amount due to the SEC is remitted semiannually and recorded as an
accrued liability until paid. The activity assessment fees are designed so that
they are equal to the Section 31 fees. As a result, activity assessment fees and
Section 31 fees do not have an impact on NYSE Euronext's net income.
Cash Trading
In our U.S. Operations, NYSE charges transaction fees for executing trades in NYSE-listed equities on the NYSE, NYSE Arca, and NYSE Amex, as well as on orders that are routed to other market centers for execution. Changes to the pricing structure throughout 2007 and 2008 allowed further alignment of transaction revenue with executed volume.
In our European Operations, Euronext generates cash trading revenue from fees charged primarily for the execution of trades of equity and debt securities and other cash instruments on Euronext's cash market, which is comprised of the separate cash markets operated in Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon and Paris.
Revenue from cash trading in any given period depends primarily on the number of shares traded on our U.S. securities exchanges, the number of trades executed on Euronext, and the fees charged for execution. The level of trading activity in any period is significantly influenced by a number of factors. See "-Factors Affecting Our Results."
NYSE Euronext's cash trading pricing structures continue to be examined closely as part of a broad strategic review of NYSE Euronext's opportunities for revenue growth and efficiency improvement. As a result, we have and may continue to periodically modify our trading pricing structures. NYSE Euronext seeks to better capture value for the services it renders by aligning more closely transaction revenue with executed volume, product expansion and new product development. For example, effective October 1, 2008, we began offering a global pricing rebate to our European customers who exceed certain volume thresholds on each of our Euronext, NYSE and NYSE Arca trading platforms. Transaction fees that NYSE Euronext earns in the future could also continue to depend on the effect of certain regulations and rule changes, such as MiFID, which have the potential to impact the competitive environment in which NYSE Euronext operates.
Derivatives Trading
Revenue from derivatives trading consists of fixed per-contract fees for executing trades of derivatives contracts on NYSE Liffe and executing options contracts traded on NYSE Arca and NYSE Amex. In some cases, these fees are subject to caps.
Revenues for fixed per-contract fees are driven by the number of trades executed and fees charged per contract. The principal types of derivative contracts traded are equity and index products and short-term interest rate products. Trading in equity products is primarily driven by price volatility in equity markets and indices and trading in short-term interest rate products is primarily driven by volatility resulting from uncertainty over the direction of short-term interest rates. The level of trading activity for all products is also influenced by market conditions and other factors. See "-Factors Affecting Our Results."
Listings
There are two types of fees applicable to companies listed on our U.S. and European securities exchanges-listing fees and annual fees. Listing fees consist of two components: original listing fees and fees related to other corporate-related actions. Original listing fees, subject to a minimum and maximum amount, are based on the number of shares that the company initially lists. Original listing fees, however, are not applicable to companies that transfer to one of our U.S. securities exchanges from another listing venue. Other corporate action related fees are paid by listed companies in connection with corporate actions involving the issuance of new shares to be
listed, such as stock splits, rights issues, sales of additional securities, as well as mergers and acquisitions, which are subject to a minimum and maximum fee.
Annual fees in the U.S. are charged based on the number of outstanding shares of the listed company at the end of the prior year. Non-U.S. companies pay fees based on the number of listed securities issued or held in the United States. Annual fees are recognized on a pro rata basis over the calendar year. Original fees are recognized as income on a straight-line basis over estimated service periods of ten years for the NYSE and the Euronext cash equities markets and five years for NYSE Arca and NYSE Amex. Unamortized balances are recorded as deferred revenue on the consolidated statements of financial condition.
Listing fees for the Euronext subsidiaries comprise admission fees paid by issuers to list securities on the cash market, annual fees paid by companies whose financial instruments are listed on the cash market, and corporate activity and other fees, consisting primarily of fees charged by Euronext Paris for centralizing shares in IPOs and tender offers. Revenues from listing fees relate primarily to the number of shares outstanding.
In general, Euronext has adopted a common set of listing fees for Euronext Paris, Euronext Amsterdam, Euronext Brussels and Euronext Lisbon. Under the harmonized fee book, domestic issuers (i.e., those from France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Portugal) pay admission fees to list their securities based on the market capitalization of the respective issuer. Subsequent listings of securities receive a 50% discount on admission fees. Non-domestic companies are charged admission and annual fees on a similar basis, although they are charged lower maximum admission fees and annual fees. Euronext Paris and Euronext Lisbon also charge centralization fees for collecting and allocating retail investor orders in IPOs and tender offers.
The revenue NYSE Euronext derives from listing fees is primarily dependent on the number and size of new company listings and tender offers. The number and size of new company listings and tender offers in any period depend primarily on factors outside of NYSE Euronext's control, including general economic conditions in Europe and the United States (in particular, stock market conditions) and the success of competing stock exchanges in attracting and retaining listed companies.
Market Data
In our U.S. Operations we collect market data fees principally for consortium-based data products, also known as core data products, and, to a lesser extent, for NYSE proprietary data products, also known as non-core data products. Consortium-based data fees are dictated as part of the securities industry plans. Consortium-based data revenues from the dissemination of market data (net of administrative costs) are distributed to participating markets on the basis of a formula set by the SEC under Regulation NMS. Last sale prices and quotes in NYSE-listed securities are disseminated through Tape A, which constitutes the majority of the NYSE's revenues from consortium-based market data revenues. We also receive a share of the revenues from Tape B and Tape C, which represents data related to trading of certain securities that are listed on NYSE Arca, NYSE Amex, other regional exchanges and Nasdaq, respectively. These revenues are influenced by demand for the data by professional and nonprofessional subscribers. In addition, we receive fees for the display of data on television and for vendor access. Our proprietary products make market data available to subscribers covering activity that takes place solely on our U.S. markets, independent of activity on other markets. Our proprietary data products also include the sale of depth of book information, historical price information and corporate action information.
The SEC approved a pilot program through March 31, 2009 for a new data product, NYSE Euronext Real-Time Reference Prices, which allows Internet and media organizations to buy real-time, last-sale market data from NYSE and provide it broadly and free of charge to the public. CNBC, Google Finance and nyse.com are now displaying NYSE Real-Time stock prices on their respective websites.
In our European Operations we charge a variety of users, primarily the end-users, for the use of real-time market data services. We also collect annual license fees from vendors for the right to distribute market data to third parties and a service fee from vendors for direct connection to market data. A substantial majority of our
European market data revenues is derived from monthly end-user fees. We also derive revenues from selling historical and reference data about securities, and by publishing the daily official lists for the Euronext markets. The principal drivers of market data revenues are the number of end-users and the prices for data packages.
Other Revenues
Other revenues include software and technology services and regulatory revenues, as well as trading license fees and other fees, fees for facilities and other services provided to specialists, brokers and clerks physically located on the floors of our U.S. markets that enable them to engage in the purchase and sale of securities on the trading floor, and fees for clearance and settlement activities in our European Operations.
Software and Technology Services. We generate revenues from connectivity services related to the SFTI network, software license and maintenance fees, and strategic consulting services. Customers pay to gain access to SFTI market centers via direct circuit to a SFTI access point or through a third-party service bureau or extranet provider. SFTI revenue typically includes a connection fee and monthly recurring revenue based on a customer's connection bandwidth. Hardware co-location services are also offered at SFTI data centers, and customers typically sign multi-year contracts. Co-location revenue is recognized monthly over the life of the contract. Revenue is also earned from sales of our enterprise software platform, which provides low-latency messaging and trade lifecycle management. Software license revenue is recorded at the time of sale, and maintenance contracts are recognized monthly over the life of the maintenance term. Unrealized portions of invoiced maintenance fees are recorded as deferred revenue. Expert consulting services are offered for customization or installation of the software and for general advisory services. Consulting revenue is generally billed in arrears on a time and materials basis, although customers sometimes prepay for blocks of consulting services in bulk. Prepaid consulting revenue is booked as deferred revenue until the services are rendered.
We also generate revenues from software license contracts and maintenance agreements. We provide software which allows customers to receive comprehensive market-agnostic connectivity, transaction and data management solutions. Software license revenues are recognized at the time of client acceptance and maintenance agreements revenues are recognized monthly over the life of the maintenance term subsequent to acceptance.
Regulatory. Regulatory fees are charged to member organizations of our U.S. securities exchanges.
Components of Expenses
Section 31 Fees
See "-Sources of Revenues-Activity Assessment" above.
Liquidity Payments
To attract order flow, enhance liquidity and promote use of our markets, we offer our customers a variety of liquidity payment structures, tailored to specific market, product and customer characteristics. For example, on the NYSE, we provide liquidity payments to DMMs for their role in the revenue we earn under the Regulation NMS formula for quoting the most attractive bid and offer prices in an NMS security. Other liquidity payments include liquidity provider incentive schemes, strategy rebates, block trades and other volume related discounts, reductions to or waivers of transaction fees, a contribution to information technology and staff costs incurred in providing the services and/or a share of net transaction fees.
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