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ITWO > SEC Filings for ITWO > Form 10-K on 12-Mar-2009All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-K for I2 TECHNOLOGIES INC


12-Mar-2009

Annual Report


ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical or current facts, including, without limitation, statements about our business strategy, plans, objectives and future prospects, are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these expectations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flow and financial condition. Such risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, the following:

• The current economic downturn may result in customers and prospects reducing their capital and maintenance expenditures and filing for bankruptcy protection or ceasing operations, which would negatively impact our bookings, revenue and cash flows.

• Beginning in the third quarter and continuing into the fourth quarter of 2008, we experienced purchasing delays by some customers attributable to the Merger. Continued uncertainty regarding any future strategic transaction involving the Company could cause additional customer delays, potential customer losses, lower bookings, revenue, and cash flow and continued employee attrition.

• On August 10, 2008, we entered into the Merger Agreement with JDA under which i2 would merge with and into Merger Sub, with i2 to survive the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of JDA. On December 3, 2008, we terminated the Merger Agreement because our board of directors did not believe the Merger or an acceptable alternative transaction with JDA could be finalized. The termination of the Merger Agreement with JDA and the failure to complete the Merger may result in, among other things, downward pressure on our stock, lawsuits, employee turnover and continued uncertainty for management, sales staff, and other employees, uncertainty for existing and potential customers regarding our ability to meet our contractual obligations, and potential additional calls by shareholders to continue to pursue the public sale of the Company.

• We have implemented and continue to evaluate restructuring and reorganization initiatives, including a reduction in our workforce in the first quarter of 2009. Failure to achieve the desired results of our restructuring and reorganization initiatives could harm our business, results of operations, cash flow and financial condition.

• Our financial results have varied and may continue to vary significantly from quarter-to-quarter. We may fail to meet analysts and investors' expectations.

• We experienced negative cash flows for the quarters ended March 31, 2007, September 30, 2006 and March 31, 2006, and for the year ended December 31, 2005. A failure to maintain profitability and achieve consistent positive cash flows would have a significant adverse effect on our business, impair our ability to support our operations and adversely affect our liquidity.

• We may require additional private or public debt or equity financing. Such financing may only be available on disadvantageous terms, or may not be available at all. Any new financing could have a substantial dilutive effect on our exiting stockholders.

• If we are unable to develop and generate additional demand for our products, serious harm could result to our business.

• We may not be competitive, and increased competition could seriously harm our business.

• We face risks related to product quality and performance claims and other litigation that could have a material adverse effect on our relationships with customers and our business, results of operations, cash flow and financial condition. We may face other claims and litigation in the future that could harm our business and impair our liquidity.


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• Loss of key personnel or our failure to attract, train, and retain certain additional personnel could negatively affect our operating results and revenues and seriously harm our company.

• We face other risks indicated in Item 1A, "Risk Factors," in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Many of these risks and uncertainties are beyond our control and, in many cases we cannot accurately predict the risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements. When used in this document, the words "believes," "plans," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "continue," "may," "will," "should" or the negative of such terms and similar expressions as they relate to us, our customers or our management are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

References in this report to the terms "optimal" and "optimization" and words to that effect are not intended to connote the mathematically optimal solution, but may connote near-optimal solutions, which reflect practical considerations such as customer requirements as to response time, precision of the results and other commercial factors.

Overview

Nature of Operations. We are a provider of supply chain management solutions, consisting of various software and service offerings. In addition to application software, we offer software as a service (SaaS). Our service offerings include business optimization and technical consulting, managed services, training, solution maintenance, software upgrades and development. We operate our business in one business segment. Supply chain management is the set of processes, technology and expertise involved in managing supply, demand and fulfillment throughout divisions within a company and with its customers, suppliers and partners. The business goals of our solutions include increasing supply chain efficiency and enhancing customer and supplier relationships by managing variability, reducing complexity, improving operational visibility, and increasing operating velocity. Our offerings are designed to help customers better achieve the following critical business objectives:

• Visibility - a clear and unobstructed view up and down the supply chain

• Planning - supply chain optimization to match supply and demand considering system-wide constraints

• Collaboration - interoperability with supply chain partners and elimination of functional silos

• Control - management of data and business processes across the extended supply chain

Revenue Categories

We recognize revenue for software and our related service offerings in accordance with Statement of Position (SOP) 81-1, "Accounting for Certain Construction Type and Certain Production Type Contracts," SOP 97-2, "Software Revenue Recognition," as modified by SOP 98-9, "Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition with Respect to Certain Transactions," SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 104, "Revenue Recognition," and SAB 103, "Update of Codification of Staff Accounting Bulletins," and SAB "Topic 13, Revenue Recognition."

Software Solutions. Software solutions revenue includes core license revenue, recurring license revenue, and fees received to develop the licensed functionality. We recognize these revenues under SOP 97-2 or SOP 81-1 based on our evaluation of whether the associated services are essential to the licensed software as described within SOP 97-2. If the services are considered essential, revenue is generally recognized on a percentage of completion basis under SOP 81-1. Services are considered essential to the software when they involve significant modifications or additions to the software features and functionality. In addition, we have several subscription and other recurring revenue transactions, which are recognized ratably over the life of each contract.


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Services. Services revenue is primarily derived from fees for services that are not essential to the software, including implementation, integration, training and consulting, and is generally recognized when services are performed. In addition, services revenue may include fees received from arrangements to customize or enhance previously purchased licensed software, when such services are not essential to the previously licensed software. Services revenue also includes reimbursable expense revenue, with the related costs of reimbursable expenses included in cost of services.

Maintenance. Maintenance revenue consists of fees generated by providing support services, such as telephone support, and unspecified upgrades/enhancements on a when-and-if available basis. A customer typically prepays maintenance and support fees for an initial period, and the related revenue is deferred and generally recognized over the term of such initial period. Maintenance is renewable by the customer on an annual basis thereafter. Rates for maintenance, including subsequent renewal rates, are typically established based upon a specified percentage of net license fees as set forth in the contract.

Contract Revenue. As explained in more detail below, we do not consider contract revenue to be an indication of the current performance of our business. We collected the cash associated with contract revenue in prior periods and recorded the revenue as we fulfilled the contract obligations. Our deferred contract revenue balance is zero.

Revenue Mix

Our software and service offerings have changed in recent years in response to market demands as well as the introduction of new technology and products. Accordingly, we have experienced a shift to a greater level of services revenue versus software solutions revenue.

This shift affects our profitability because services will typically earn a lower margin than software solutions. Additionally, we now expect that a higher proportion of our software solutions revenue will be recognized under a percentage of completion basis or subscription basis, rather than being recognized in the period the contract is signed.

Key Performance Indicators and Operating Metrics

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. Our competitors are diverse and offer a variety of solutions targeting various segments of the extended supply chain as well as the enterprise as a whole. Some competitors offer suites of applications, while most offer solutions designed to target specific processes or industries. We believe our principal competitors continue to strengthen, in part based on consolidation within the industry. In addition, our shift to a more solutions-oriented approach, where services are more critical, increases our exposure to competition from offshore providers and consulting companies. All of these factors are creating pricing pressure for our software and service offerings. However, we believe our focus on a solutions-oriented approach that leverages our deep supply chain expertise differentiates us from our competitors.

In managing our business and reviewing our results, management focuses most intently on our revenue generation process, including bookings, backlog and operating revenue (total revenue excluding contract revenue), as well as our cash flow from operations and liquidity.

Bookings. We define bookings as the total value of non-contingent fees payable to the company pursuant to the terms of duly executed contracts. Bookings result in revenue as products are delivered or services are performed, and may reflect contracts from which revenue will be recognized over multi-year periods. Bookings do not include amounts subject to contingencies, such as optional renewal periods, amounts subject to a customer's internal approvals, and amounts that are refundable for reasons outside of our standard warranty provisions. Because our revenues are recognized under several different accounting standards and thus are subject to period-to-period variability, we closely monitor our bookings as a leading indicator of future revenues and the overall performance of our business.


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Total bookings for the years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were $226.5 million and $264.7 million, respectively, a decrease of approximately 14% or $38.2 million. The 2007 bookings results included the impact of approximately $18.8 million of multiyear renewals for three of our supply chain leader deals. Excluding the impact of these bookings in 2007 and any extensions in 2008, total bookings were down by 9%. We have experienced seasonality in our quarterly bookings, with the third quarter typically being the weakest of the year. Our 2008 bookings, in particular in the third and fourth quarters, were below our original expectations. We believe this was due to issues associated with our announcement of a merger with JDA, which did not occur, execution issues, our focus on internal organizational and management changes and concerns about our competitive position and future direction. We also believe the global economic slowdown has resulted in prospective and existing customers postponing purchasing and other decisions, which will continue to negatively impact our bookings until economic conditions improve. Unless we are able to generate bookings growth in the next several quarters, in the future our revenue will continue to decline.

Backlog. Backlog represents the balance of bookings that has yet to be recognized as revenue. The amount of backlog for which we have received payment is recorded as deferred revenue on our consolidated balance sheet. We review our backlog to assess future revenue that may be recognized from bookings in previous fiscal periods. This review allows us to determine whether we are recognizing more or less revenue compared to the bookings in that period and whether our backlog is increasing or decreasing.

Revenue. In our internal analysis of revenue, we focus on operating revenue (total revenue excluding contract revenue). Contract revenue is the result of the recognition of certain revenue that was carried on our balance sheet as a portion of deferred revenue and was a result of our 2003 financial restatement. Inclusion of contract revenue in the evaluation of our performance would skew comparisons of our periodic results since recognition of that revenue was based on fulfillment of contractual obligations, which often required only minimal cash outlays and generally did not involve any significant activity in the period of recognition. Additionally, the cash associated with contract revenue had been collected in prior periods. All remaining contract revenue was recognized March 31, 2007, so it is not relevant to our on-going operations and we exclude it from comparisons to prior period results.

Our annual operating revenue (total revenue excluding contract revenue) was approximately $255.8 million, $257.9 million and $275.6 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Total revenue declined 1% for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 and 6% for year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. As part of our transition to being a solutions-oriented provider, we have experienced a shift to a greater level of services revenue, which has partially offset our decline in software solutions and maintenance revenue.

Software solutions revenue declined 2% or $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, and declined 37% or $28.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. In 2008 and 2006 our total software solutions bookings were significantly lower than our software solutions revenue, thereby significantly reducing our backlog and in 2007 our total software solutions bookings were slightly above our software solutions revenue, increasing our backlog, largely due to the renewals of multiyear subscriptions, as indicated in the table below. This has contributed to sequentially lower software solutions revenue in the three years ended December 31, 2008. This trend will continue unless we experience growth in software solutions bookings in the next several quarters.

                                                 December 31,         December 31,       December 31,
                                                     2008                 2007               2006
Additions to Backlog:
Software Solutions Bookings                     $       29,812       $       54,556     $       49,540
Platform Technology/Source Code Bookings                    -                   500             10,480

Net Additions to Backlog                                29,812               55,056             60,020
Less: Software Solutions Revenue Recognized             46,852               47,721             76,243

Increase/(Decrease) in Backlog                  $      (17,040 )     $        7,335     $      (16,223 )


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Services revenue increased 1% or $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 when compared to the same period in 2007, and increased 15% or $16.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 when compared to the same period in 2006. These increases are due to continued shifts in the demands of the market, changes in our sales approach and an increase in our services offerings. We expect services revenue to continue to be a larger percentage of our total revenue than it has been in previous years. Services revenue generally earns a lower margin than our other revenue types, although we have experienced higher margins in our services business in 2008 compared to prior periods due to leverage and efficiency from the services platform. The margin improvements are partially due to the movement of certain services associates to the sales organization in the first quarter of 2008.

Maintenance revenue declined 2% or $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 when compared to the same period in 2007, and declined 6% or $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 when compared to the same period in 2006. The decline in maintenance revenue for 2008 versus 2007 was primarily caused by customers renewing their agreements at a lower rate or in some cases failing to renew. Although we have put programs in place that demonstrate the value of maintenance to our customers, we expect maintenance revenue to continue to decline in the near term.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and judgments related to the application of certain accounting policies.

While we base our estimates on historical experience, current information and other factors deemed relevant, actual results could differ from those estimates. We consider accounting estimates to be critical to our reported financial results if (i) the accounting estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that are uncertain and (ii) different estimates that we reasonably could have used for the accounting estimate in the current period, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, would have a material impact on our financial statements.

We consider our policies for revenue recognition to be critical due to the continuously evolving standards and industry practice related to revenue recognition, changes to which could materially impact the way we report revenues. Accounting polices related to: allowance for doubtful accounts, deferred taxes, goodwill and intangible assets and loss contingencies are also considered to be critical as these policies involve considerable subjective judgment and estimation by management. Critical accounting policies, and our procedures related to these policies, are described in detail below. Also, see Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.

Revenue Recognition

Software Solutions Revenue - SOP 97-2. The recognition of revenue under SOP 97-2 requires us to make judgments concerning whether the services associated with the license, if any, are considered "essential" to the licensed functionality. If they are deemed essential, revenue cannot be recognized under SOP 97-2, but rather is required to be recognized under SOP 81-1. We have a formal process for evaluation of each of our licensed products to determine whether they can be implemented without essential services, and are therefore considered eligible for recognition under 97-2. We also have processes, including internal representations from sales, services and research and development personnel, to evaluate each transaction that is comprised solely of products that are eligible under SOP 97-2 to determine whether there are specific requirements or commitments associated with the licensed functionality that would require recognition under SOP 81-1. We are also required to assess the existence of vendor specific objective evidence ("VSOE") of fair value for undelivered elements in agreements recognized under SOP 97-2, which for our arrangements commonly include implementation services and maintenance. If we lose our ability to demonstrate VSOE for undelivered elements, the timing of recognition of transactions under SOP 97-2 will change.


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Software Solutions Revenue - SOP 81-1- and Services Revenue. A significant portion of these revenues pertain to projects recognized under the percentage of completion method of SOP 81-1, which requires that we make estimates about the number of hours required and the amount of fees to be received to periodically assess the progress to completion of a particular project. We are also required as a prerequisite for using percentage of completion to assess whether we have the ability to reliably estimate the hours and fees for each project.

Collectability. All of our revenues are subject to our assessment of the probability of collection of the underlying fees. The revenue type that is most susceptible to collection risk is software solutions revenue recognized under SOP 97-2, since the revenue is generally recognized up-front upon delivery of the software, and payment is usually due approximately 30 to 60 days after recognition. To assess our collection risk, we have reviewed our collection history and determined that for certain countries, particularly in the Greater Asia Pacific region and in certain of the developing countries within Europe, we will only recognize our license revenues under SOP 97-2 on a cash received basis. For our other revenue types, which are recurring in nature in that they occur over several months, we have a policy in place whereby we review customers that have invoices that are overdue by more than 30 days and we begin deferring recognition of revenue for customers that become delinquent in their payment. This policy prevents us from continuing to recognize revenue related to an implementation or maintenance arrangement when payments are late, and it therefore appears that collection is not probable. Our policies and procedures in this area have resulted in minimizing our bad debt expense since we are diligent in our evaluation of collectability risk prior to recognizing revenue.

Stock compensation expense

As disclosed in our footnotes to our financial statements included in this report, the valuation of stock compensation expense is based on several variables that are inputs to the Black Scholes model. The most critical judgment involved in this area involves the estimation of the impact of forfeitures. Under FAS 123(R), we are required to estimate the impact of forfeitures of stock options, and reduce our expenses based on those estimates. We calculate our monthly forfeiture rates, annualize the amount and apply the resulting amount as a reduction of current period expense. We are then required to regularly evaluate our actual forfeiture experience and make periodic adjustments to expense as needed.

In February 2007, we granted Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") to certain key employees that may vest based on the company achieving specified increases in GAAP Earnings per Share in 2008 and 2009 compared to 2006 Earnings per share. The performance period for one-third of the award was from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008 and for the remaining two-thirds of the award is from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009. On a quarterly basis, we estimate the potential impact of forfeitures on this grant, assess whether vesting is probable and record any resulting expense. We recorded $0.7 million of expense related to this award in 2008.

Taxes

We operate directly and indirectly in numerous countries and are subject to the tax laws, rules and regulations of those jurisdictions. Positions we take in our tax filings are subject to scrutiny by the local country tax authorities and, to the extent it affects our domestic tax position, the Internal Revenue Service. Determining the appropriate tax treatment of complicated issues involves the use of significant judgments and estimates; such judgments and estimates may not be agreed to by the relevant taxing authority, which may require extensive discussions and negotiations to resolve these matters. We accrue tax expense in an amount at which we believe an issue may be ultimately resolved in a manner differently from the position taken in our tax filings. The amount of our accrued tax expense for a particular matter may be significantly different from that determined upon the ultimate resolution of the issue. It is also possible that a tax issue may arise of which we were unaware and no accrual was made. In both cases, adjustments to income tax expense in the relevant reporting period may be material.


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Loss Contingencies

We are required to use judgment in estimating amounts recorded as accrued expenses. Such estimates include our assessment of estimated losses resulting from claims and legal proceedings. We record a liability if our assessments indicate that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the related cost can be reasonably estimated.

Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Intangible Assets.

From time to time, we have sought to enhance our product offerings through technology and business acquisitions. When an acquisition of a business is accounted for using the purchase method, the amount of the purchase price is allocated to the fair value of assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed. Any excess purchase price is allocated to goodwill. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, while goodwill is only written down when it is deemed to be impaired.

In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," we test goodwill for impairment annually and when impairment might be indicated by internal and external events. Impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. Based on the carrying value of our reporting unit approaching its fair value due to continued profitability increasing our equity and our depressed market capitalization, we intend to perform goodwill impairment tests when indicated by impairment indicators in future quarters during 2009 to determine if further recognition of impairment is required.

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